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WinRT: added manual, app-setup instructions to the README
A number of other parts of the WinRT README were edited, either for clarity, or to help with Markdown rendering.
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David Ludwig
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@ -26,19 +26,312 @@ Requirements
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rather by Microsoft's Visual C++ toolchain. This is required to debug apps.
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Setup, High-Level Steps
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-----------------------
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The steps for setting up a project for an SDL/WinRT app looks like the
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following, at a high-level:
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1. create a new Visual C++ project using Microsoft's template for a,
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"Direct3D App".
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2. remove most of the files from the project.
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3. make your app's project directly reference SDL/WinRT's own Visual C++
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project file, via use of Visual C++'s "References" dialog. This will setup
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the linker, and will copy SDL's .dll files to your app's final output.
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4. adjust your app's build settings, at minimum, telling it where to find SDL's
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header files.
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5. add a file that contains a WinRT-appropriate main function.
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6. add SDL-specific app code.
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7. build and run your app.
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Setup, Detailed Steps
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---------------------
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### 1. Create a new project ###
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Create a new project using one of Visual C++'s templates for a plain, non-XAML,
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"Direct3D App" (XAML support for SDL/WinRT is not yet ready for use). If you
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don't see one of these templates, in Visual C++'s 'New Project' dialog, try
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using the textbox titled, 'Search Installed Templates' to look for one.
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### 2. Remove unneeded files from the project ###
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In the new project, delete any file that has one of the following extensions:
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- .cpp
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- .h
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- .hlsl
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When you are done, you should be left with a few files, each of which will be a
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necessary part of your app's project. These files will consist of:
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- an .appxmanifest file, which contains metadata on your WinRT app. This is
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similar to an Info.plist file on iOS, or an AndroidManifest.xml on Android.
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- a few .png files, one of which is a splash screen (displayed when your app
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launches), others are app icons.
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- a .pfx file, used for code signing purposes.
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### 3. Add references to SDL's project files ###
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SDL/WinRT can be built in multiple variations, spanning across three different
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CPU architectures (x86, x64, and ARM) and two different configurations
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(Debug and Release). WinRT and Visual C++ do not currently provide a means
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for combining multiple variations of one library into a single file.
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Furthermore, it does not provide an easy means for copying pre-built .dll files
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into your app's final output (via Post-Build steps, for example). It does,
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however, provide a system whereby an app can reference the MSVC projects of
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libraries such that, when the app is built:
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1. each library gets built for the appropriate CPU architecture(s) and WinRT
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platform(s).
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2. each library's output, such as .dll files, get copied to the app's build
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output.
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To set this up for SDL/WinRT, you'll need to run through the following steps:
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1. open up the Solution Explorer inside Visual C++ (under the "View" menu, then
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"Solution Explorer")
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2. right click on your app's solution.
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3. navigate to "Add", then to "Existing Project..."
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4. find SDL/WinRT's Visual C++ project file and open it. Different project
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files exist for different WinRT platforms. All of them are in SDL's
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source distribution, in the following directories:
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* `VisualC-WinRT/WinPhone80_VS2012/` - for Windows Phone 8.0 apps
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* `VisualC-WinRT/WinPhone81_VS2013/` - for Windows Phone 8.1 apps
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* `VisualC-WinRT/WinRT80_VS2012/` - for Windows 8.0 apps
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* `VisualC-WinRT/WinRT81_VS2013/` - for Windows 8.1 apps
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5. once the project has been added, right-click on your app's project and
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select, "References..."
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6. click on the button titled, "Add New Reference..."
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7. check the box next to SDL
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8. click OK to close the dialog
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9. SDL will now show up in the list of references. Click OK to close that
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dialog.
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Your project is now linked to SDL's project, insofar that when the app is
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built, SDL will be built as well, with its build output getting included with
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your app.
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### 4. Adjust Your App's Build Settings ###
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Some build settings need to be changed in your app's project. This guide will
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outline the following:
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- making sure that the compiler knows where to find SDL's header files
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- **(optional for C++, but NECESSARY for compiling C code)** telling the
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compiler not to use Microsoft's C++ extensions for WinRT development.
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- **(OPTIONAL)** telling the compiler not generate errors due to missing
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precompiled header files.
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To change these settings:
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1. right-click on the project
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2. choose "Properties"
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3. in the drop-down box next to "Configuration", choose, "All Configurations"
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4. in the drop-down box next to "Platform", choose, "All Platforms"
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5. in the left-hand list, expand the "C/C++" section
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6. select "General"
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7. edit the "Additional Include Directories" setting, and add a path to SDL's
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"include" directory
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8. ***Optional: to enable compilation of C code:*** change the setting for
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"Consume Windows Runtime Extension" from "Yes (/ZW)" to "No". If you're
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working with a completely C++ based project, this step can usually be
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omitted.
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9. ***Optional: to disable precompiled headers (which can produce
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'stdafx.h'-related build errors, if setup incorrectly:*** in the left-hand
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list, select "Precompiled Headers", then change the setting for "Precompiled
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Header" from "Use (/Yu)" to "Not Using Precompiled Headers".
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10. close the dialog, saving settings, by clicking the "OK" button
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### 5. Add a WinRT-appropriate main function to the app. ###
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C/C++-based WinRT apps do contain a `main` function that the OS will invoke when
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the app starts launching. The parameters of WinRT main functions are different
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than those found on other platforms, Win32 included. SDL/WinRT provides a
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platform-appropriate main function that will perform these actions, setup key
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portions of the app, then invoke a classic, C/C++-style main function (that take
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in "argc" and "argv" parameters). The code for this file is contained inside
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SDL's source distribution, under `src/main/winrt/SDL_winrt_main_NonXAML.cpp`.
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You'll need to add this file, or a copy of it, to your app's project, and make
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sure it gets compiled using a Microsoft-specific set of C++ extensions called
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C++/CX.
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***NOTE: C++/CX compilation is currently required in at least one file of your
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app's project. This is to make sure that Visual C++'s linker builds a 'Windows
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Metadata' file (.winmd) for your app. Not doing so can lead to build errors.***
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To include `SDL_winrt_main_NonXAML.cpp`:
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1. right-click on your project (again, in Visual C++'s Solution Explorer),
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navigate to "Add", then choose "Existing Item...".
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2. open `SDL_winrt_main_NonXAML.cpp`, which is found inside SDL's source
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distribution, under `src/main/winrt/`. Make sure that the open-file dialog
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closes, either by double-clicking on the file, or single-clicking on it and
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then clicking Add.
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3. right-click on the file (as listed in your project), then click on
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"Properties...".
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4. in the drop-down box next to "Configuration", choose, "All Configurations"
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5. in the drop-down box next to "Platform", choose, "All Platforms"
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6. in the left-hand list, click on "C/C++"
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7. change the setting for "Consume Windows Runtime Extension" to "Yes (/ZW)".
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8. click the OK button. This will close the dialog.
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### 6. Add app code and assets ###
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At this point, you can add in SDL-specific source code. Be sure to include a
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C-style main function (ie: `int main(int argc, char *argv[])`). From there you
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should be able to create a single `SDL_Window` (WinRT apps can only have one
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window, at present), as well as an `SDL_Renderer`. Direct3D will be used to
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draw content. Events are received via SDL's usual event functions
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(`SDL_PollEvent`, etc.) If you have a set of existing source files and assets,
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you can start adding them to the project now. If not, or if you would like to
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make sure that you're setup correctly, some short and simple sample code is
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provided below.
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#### 6.A. ... when creating a new app ####
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If you are creating a new app (rather than porting an existing SDL-based app),
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or if you would just like a simple app to test SDL/WinRT with before trying to
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get existing code working, some working SDL/WinRT code is provided below. To
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set this up:
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1. right click on your app's project
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2. select Add, then New Item. An "Add New Item" dialog will show up.
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3. from the left-hand list, choose "Visual C++"
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4. from the middle/main list, choose "C++ File (.cpp)"
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5. near the bottom of the dialog, next to "Name:", type in a name for your
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source file, such as, "main.cpp".
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6. click on the Add button. This will close the dialog, add the new file to
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your project, and open the file in Visual C++'s text editor.
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7. Copy and paste the following code into the new file (minus the , then save
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it.
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```
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#include <SDL.h>
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int main(int argc, char **argv)
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{
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SDL_DisplayMode mode;
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SDL_Window * window = NULL;
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SDL_Renderer * renderer = NULL;
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SDL_Event evt;
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if (SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO) != 0) {
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return 1;
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}
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if (SDL_GetCurrentDisplayMode(0, &mode) != 0) {
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return 1;
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}
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if (SDL_CreateWindowAndRenderer(mode.w, mode.h, SDL_WINDOW_FULLSCREEN, &window, &renderer) != 0) {
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return 1;
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}
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while (1) {
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while (SDL_PollEvent(&evt)) {
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}
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SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 0, 255, 0, 255);
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SDL_RenderClear(renderer);
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SDL_RenderPresent(renderer);
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}
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}
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```
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#### 6.B. Adding code and assets ####
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If you have existing code and assets that you'd like to add, you should be able
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to add them now. The process for adding a set of files is as such.
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1. right click on the app's project
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2. select Add, then click on "New Item..."
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3. open any source, header, or asset files as appropriate. Support for C and
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C++ is available.
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Do note that WinRT only supports a subset of the APIs that are available to
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Win32-based apps. Many portions of the Win32 API and the C runtime are not
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available.
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A list of unsupported C APIs can be found at
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<http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/apps/jj606124.aspx>
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General information on using the C runtime in WinRT can be found at
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<http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/LIBRARY/hh972425(v=vs.110).aspx>
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A list of supported Win32 APIs for Windows 8/RT apps can be found at
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<http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/apps/br205757.aspx>. To note,
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the list of supported Win32 APIs for Windows Phone 8 development is different.
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That list can be found at
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<http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windowsphone/develop/jj662956(v=vs.105).aspx>
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### 7. Build and run your app ###
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Your app project should now be setup, and you should be ready to build your app.
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To run it on the local machine, open the Debug menu and choose "Start
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Debugging". This will build your app, then run your app full-screen. To switch
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out of your app, press the Windows key. Alternatively, you can choose to run
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your app in a window. To do this, before building and running your app, find
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the drop-down menu in Visual C++'s toolbar that says, "Local Machine". Expand
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this by clicking on the arrow on the right side of the list, then click on
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Simulator. Once you do that, any time you build and run the app, the app will
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launch in window, rather than full-screen.
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#### 7.A. Running apps on ARM-based devices ####
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To build and run the app on ARM-based, "Windows RT" devices, you'll need to:
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- install Microsoft's "Remote Debugger" on the device. Visual C++ installs and
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debugs ARM-based apps via IP networks.
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- change a few options on the development machine, both to make sure it builds
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for ARM (rather than x86 or x64), and to make sure it knows how to find the
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Windows RT device (on the network).
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Microsoft's Remote Debugger can be found at
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<http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/vstudio/bt727f1t.aspx>. Please note
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that separate versions of this debugger exist for different versions of Visual
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C++, one for debugging with MSVC 2012, another for debugging with MSVC 2013.
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To setup Visual C++ to launch your app on an ARM device:
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1. make sure the Remote Debugger is running on your ARM device, and that it's on
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the same IP network as your development machine.
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2. from Visual C++'s toolbar, find a drop-down menu that says, "Win32". Click
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it, then change the value to "ARM".
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3. make sure Visual C++ knows the hostname or IP address of the ARM device. To
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do this:
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1. open the app project's properties
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2. select "Debugging"
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3. next to "Machine Name", enter the hostname or IP address of the ARM
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device
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4. if, and only if, you've turned off authentication in the Remote Debugger, then change the setting for "Require Authentication" to No
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5. click "OK"
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4. build and run the app (from Visual C++). The first time you do this, a
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prompt will show up on the ARM device, asking for a Microsoft Account. You
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do, unfortunately, need to log in here, and will need to follow the
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subsequent registration steps in order to launch the app. After you do so,
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if the app didn't already launch, try relaunching it again from within Visual
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C++.
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TODO
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----
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- Finish adding support for MSVC 2013, and "Universal" WinRT apps, which
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support Windows 8.1, Windows Phone 8.1, and in the future, Xbox One and
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Windows Desktop.
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- Finish adding support for the SDL satellite libraries (SDL_image, SDL_mixer,
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SDL_ttf, etc.)
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- Document details of SDL satellite library support
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- Make [NuGet](https://www.nuget.org) packages for SDL/WinRT
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- Create templates for both MSVC 2012 and MSVC 2013, and have the corresponding
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VSIX packages either include pre-built copies of SDL, or reference binaries
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available via MSVC's NuGet servers
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- Write setup instructions that use MSVC 201x templates
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- Write setup instructions that don't use MSVC 201x templates, and use
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MSVC project-to-project references, rather than pre-built binaries
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- Write a list of caveats found in SDL/WinRT, such as APIs that don't work due
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to platform restrictions, or things that need further work
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