scons_gd/scons/doc/user/factories.xml
2022-10-15 16:06:26 +02:00

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<?xml version='1.0'?>
<!DOCTYPE sconsdoc [
<!ENTITY % scons SYSTEM "../scons.mod">
%scons;
<!ENTITY % builders-mod SYSTEM "../generated/builders.mod">
%builders-mod;
<!ENTITY % functions-mod SYSTEM "../generated/functions.mod">
%functions-mod;
<!ENTITY % tools-mod SYSTEM "../generated/tools.mod">
%tools-mod;
<!ENTITY % variables-mod SYSTEM "../generated/variables.mod">
%variables-mod;
]>
<chapter id="chap-factories"
xmlns="http://www.scons.org/dbxsd/v1.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.scons.org/dbxsd/v1.0 http://www.scons.org/dbxsd/v1.0/scons.xsd">
<title>Platform-Independent File System Manipulation</title>
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<para>
&SCons; provides a number of platform-independent functions,
called <literal>factories</literal>,
that perform common file system manipulations
like copying, moving or deleting files and directories,
or making directories.
These functions are <literal>factories</literal>
because they don't perform the action
at the time they're called,
they each return an &Action; object
that can be executed at the appropriate time.
</para>
<section>
<title>Copying Files or Directories: The &Copy; Factory</title>
<para>
Suppose you want to arrange to make a copy of a file,
and don't have a suitable pre-existing builder.
<footnote>
<para>
Unfortunately, in the early days of SCons design,
we used the name &Copy; for the function that
returns a copy of the environment,
otherwise that would be the logical choice for
a Builder that copies a file or directory tree
to a target location.
</para>
</footnote>
One way would be to use the &Copy; action factory
in conjunction with the &Command; builder:
</para>
<scons_example name="factories_Copy1">
<file name="SConstruct" printme="1">
Command("file.out", "file.in", Copy("$TARGET", "$SOURCE"))
</file>
<file name="file.in">file.in</file>
</scons_example>
<para>
Notice that the action returned by the &Copy; factory
will expand the &cv-link-TARGET; and &cv-link-SOURCE; strings
at the time &file_out; is built,
and that the order of the arguments
is the same as that of a builder itself--that is,
target first, followed by source:
</para>
<scons_output example="factories_Copy1" suffix="1">
<scons_output_command>scons -Q</scons_output_command>
</scons_output>
<para>
You can, of course, name a file explicitly
instead of using &cv-TARGET; or &cv-SOURCE;:
</para>
<scons_example name="factories_Copy2">
<file name="SConstruct" printme="1">
Command("file.out", [], Copy("$TARGET", "file.in"))
</file>
<file name="file.in">file.in</file>
</scons_example>
<para>
Which executes as:
</para>
<scons_output example="factories_Copy2" suffix="1">
<scons_output_command>scons -Q</scons_output_command>
</scons_output>
<para>
The usefulness of the &Copy; factory
becomes more apparent when
you use it in a list of actions
passed to the &Command; builder.
For example, suppose you needed to run a
file through a utility that only modifies files in-place,
and can't "pipe" input to output.
One solution is to copy the source file
to a temporary file name,
run the utility,
and then copy the modified temporary file to the target,
which the &Copy; factory makes extremely easy:
</para>
<scons_example name="factories_Copy3">
<file name="S" printme="1">
Command(
"file.out",
"file.in",
action=[
Copy("tempfile", "$SOURCE"),
"modify tempfile",
Copy("$TARGET", "tempfile"),
],
)
</file>
<!-- this is a non-displayed script that fiddles PATH to allow dummy "modify" command to work -->
<file name="SConstruct">
def_env = DefaultEnvironment()
def_env.AppendENVPath('PATH', Dir('.'))
SConscript('S')
</file>
<file name="file.in">file.in</file>
<file name="modify" chmod="0o755">
touch $*
</file>
</scons_example>
<para>
The output then looks like:
</para>
<scons_output example="factories_Copy3" suffix="1">
<scons_output_command>scons -Q</scons_output_command>
</scons_output>
<para>
The &Copy; factory has a third optional argument which controls
how symlinks are copied.
</para>
<para>
</para>
<scons_example name="factories_SymlinkCopy">
<file name ="SymlinkCopy" printme="1">
# Symbolic link shallow copied as a new symbolic link:
Command("LinkIn", "LinkOut", Copy("$TARGET", "$SOURCE", symlinks=True))
# Symbolic link target copied as a file or directory:
Command("LinkIn", "FileOrDirectoryOut", Copy("$TARGET", "$SOURCE", symlinks=False))
</file>
</scons_example>
</section>
<section>
<title>Deleting Files or Directories: The &Delete; Factory</title>
<para>
If you need to delete a file,
then the &Delete; factory
can be used in much the same way as
the &Copy; factory.
For example, if we want to make sure that
the temporary file
in our last example doesn't exist before
we copy to it,
we could add &Delete; to the beginning
of the command list:
</para>
<scons_example name="factories_Delete1">
<file name="S" printme="1">
Command(
"file.out",
"file.in",
action=[
Delete("tempfile"),
Copy("tempfile", "$SOURCE"),
"modify tempfile",
Copy("$TARGET", "tempfile"),
],
)
</file>
<!-- this is a non-displayed script that fiddles PATH to allow dummy "modify" command to work -->
<file name="SConstruct">
def_env = DefaultEnvironment()
def_env.AppendENVPath('PATH', Dir('.'))
SConscript('S')
</file>
<file name="file.in">file.in</file>
<file name="modify" chmod="0o755">
touch $*
</file>
</scons_example>
<para>
Which then executes as follows:
</para>
<scons_output example="factories_Delete1" suffix="1">
<scons_output_command>scons -Q</scons_output_command>
</scons_output>
<para>
Of course, like all of these &Action; factories,
the &Delete; factory also expands
&cv-link-TARGET; and &cv-link-SOURCE; variables appropriately.
For example:
</para>
<scons_example name="factories_Delete2">
<file name="SConstruct" printme="1">
Command(
"file.out",
"file.in",
action=[
Delete("$TARGET"),
Copy("$TARGET", "$SOURCE"),
],
)
</file>
<file name="file.in">file.in</file>
</scons_example>
<para>
Executes as:
</para>
<scons_output example="factories_Delete2" suffix="1">
<scons_output_command>scons -Q</scons_output_command>
</scons_output>
<para>
Note, however, that you typically don't need to
call the &Delete; factory explicitly in this way;
by default, &SCons; deletes its target(s)
for you before executing any action.
</para>
<para>
One word of caution about using the &Delete; factory:
it has the same variable expansions available
as any other factory, including the &cv-SOURCE; variable.
Specifying <literal>Delete("$SOURCE")</literal>
is not something you usually want to do!
</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Moving (Renaming) Files or Directories: The &Move; Factory</title>
<para>
The &Move; factory
allows you to rename a file or directory.
For example, if we don't want to copy the temporary file,
we could use:
</para>
<scons_example name="factories_Move">
<file name="S" printme="1">
Command(
"file.out",
"file.in",
action=[
Copy("tempfile", "$SOURCE"),
"modify tempfile",
Move("$TARGET", "tempfile"),
],
)
</file>
<!-- this is a non-displayed script that fiddles PATH to allow dummy "modify" command to work -->
<file name="SConstruct">
def_env = DefaultEnvironment()
def_env.AppendENVPath('PATH', Dir('.'))
SConscript('S')
</file>
<file name="file.in">file.in</file>
<file name="modify" chmod="0o755">
touch $*
</file>
</scons_example>
<para>
Which would execute as:
</para>
<scons_output example="factories_Move" suffix="1">
<scons_output_command>scons -Q</scons_output_command>
</scons_output>
</section>
<section>
<title>Updating the Modification Time of a File: The &Touch; Factory</title>
<para>
If you just need to update the
recorded modification time for a file,
use the &Touch; factory:
</para>
<scons_example name="factories_Touch">
<file name="S" printme="1">
Command(
"file.out",
"file.in",
action=[
Copy("$TARGET", "$SOURCE"),
Touch("$TARGET"),
]
)
</file>
<file name="SConstruct">
SConscript('S')
</file>
<file name="file.in">file.in</file>
</scons_example>
<para>
Which executes as:
</para>
<scons_output example="factories_Touch" suffix="1">
<scons_output_command>scons -Q</scons_output_command>
</scons_output>
</section>
<section>
<title>Creating a Directory: The &Mkdir; Factory</title>
<para>
If you need to create a directory,
use the &Mkdir; factory.
For example, if we need to process
a file in a temporary directory
in which the processing tool
will create other files that we don't care about,
you could use:
</para>
<scons_example name="factories_Mkdir">
<file name="S" printme="1">
Command(
"file.out",
"file.in",
action=[
Delete("tempdir"),
Mkdir("tempdir"),
Copy("tempdir/${SOURCE.file}", "$SOURCE"),
"process tempdir",
Move("$TARGET", "tempdir/output_file"),
Delete("tempdir"),
],
)
</file>
<!-- this is a non-displayed script that fiddles PATH to allow dummy "process" command to work -->
<file name="SConstruct">
def_env = DefaultEnvironment()
def_env.AppendENVPath('PATH', Dir('.'))
SConscript('S')
</file>
<file name="file.in">file.in</file>
<file name="process" chmod="0o755">
touch $*
</file>
</scons_example>
<para>
Which executes as:
</para>
<scons_output example="factories_Mkdir" suffix="1">
<scons_output_command>scons -Q</scons_output_command>
</scons_output>
</section>
<section>
<title>Changing File or Directory Permissions: The &Chmod; Factory</title>
<para>
To change permissions on a file or directory,
use the &Chmod; factory.
The permission argument uses POSIX-style
permission bits and should typically
be expressed as an octal,
not decimal, number:
</para>
<scons_example name="factories_Chmod">
<file name="SConstruct" printme="1">
Command(
"file.out",
"file.in",
action=[
Copy("$TARGET", "$SOURCE"),
Chmod("$TARGET", 0o755),
]
)
</file>
<file name="file.in">file.in</file>
</scons_example>
<para>
Which executes:
</para>
<scons_output example="factories_Chmod" suffix="1">
<scons_output_command>scons -Q</scons_output_command>
</scons_output>
</section>
<section>
<title>Executing an action immediately: the &Execute; Function</title>
<para>
We've been showing you how to use &Action; factories
in the &Command; function.
You can also execute an &Action; returned by a factory
(or actually, any &Action;)
at the time the &SConscript; file is read
by using the &Execute; function.
For example, if we need to make sure that
a directory exists before we build any targets,
</para>
<scons_example name="factories_Execute">
<file name="SConstruct" printme="1">
Execute(Mkdir('__ROOT__/tmp/my_temp_directory'))
</file>
</scons_example>
<para>
Notice that this will
create the directory while
the &SConscript; file is being read:
</para>
<scons_output example="factories_Execute" suffix="1">
<scons_output_command>scons</scons_output_command>
</scons_output>
<para>
If you're familiar with Python,
you may wonder why you would want to use this
instead of just calling the native Python
<function>os.mkdir()</function> function.
The advantage here is that the &Mkdir;
action will behave appropriately if the user
specifies the &SCons; <option>-n</option> or
<option>-q</option> options--that is,
it will print the action but not actually
make the directory when <option>-n</option> is specified,
or make the directory but not print the action
when <option>-q</option> is specified.
</para>
<para>
The &Execute; function returns the exit status
or return value of the underlying action being executed.
It will also print an error message if the action
fails and returns a non-zero value.
&SCons; will <emphasis>not</emphasis>, however,
actually stop the build if the action fails.
If you want the build to stop
in response to a failure in an action called by &Execute;,
you must do so by explicitly
checking the return value
and calling the &Exit; function
(or a Python equivalent):
</para>
<sconstruct>
if Execute(Mkdir('__ROOT__/tmp/my_temp_directory')):
# A problem occurred while making the temp directory.
Exit(1)
</sconstruct>
</section>
</chapter>