#include "voxel_mesher_dmc.h" #include "../cube_tables.h" #include "marching_cubes_tables.h" #include "mesh_builder.h" // Algorithm taken from https://www.volume-gfx.com/volume-rendering/dual-marching-cubes/ namespace dmc { enum Channels { CHANNEL_VALUE = 0, CHANNEL_GRADIENT_X, CHANNEL_GRADIENT_Y, CHANNEL_GRADIENT_Z }; const int CHUNK_SIZE = 8; const float ISO_LEVEL = 0.0; const float NEAR_SURFACE_FACTOR = 2.0; struct HermiteValue { float value; // Signed "distance" to surface Vector3 gradient; // "Normal" of the volume HermiteValue() : value(1.0) { } }; struct OctreeNode { Vector3i origin; int size; // Nodes are cubic HermiteValue center_value; OctreeNode *children[8]; OctreeNode() { for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) { children[i] = nullptr; } } ~OctreeNode() { for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) { if (children[i]) { memdelete(children[i]); } } } inline bool has_children() const { return children[0] != nullptr; } }; // Corners: Octants: // // 6---------------18--------------7 o---o---o // / / /| | 6 | 7 | // / / / | o---o---o Upper // 17--------------25--------------19 | | 5 | 4 | // / / / | o---o---o // / / / | // 5---------------16--------------4 | o---o---o // | 14--------|-----23--------|-----15 | 2 | 3 | // | / | / | /| o---o---o Lower Z // | / | / | / | | 1 | 0 | | // | 22-----------|--26-----------|--24 | o---o---o X---o // | / | / | / | // |/ |/ |/ | // 13--------------21--------------12 | // | 2---------|-----10--------|-----3 // | / | / | / // | / | / | / // | 9------------|--20-----------|--11 Y // | / | / | / | Z // |/ |/ |/ |/ // 1---------------8---------------0 X----o const int g_octant_position[8][3]{ { 0, 0, 0 }, { 1, 0, 0 }, { 1, 0, 1 }, { 0, 0, 1 }, { 0, 1, 0 }, { 1, 1, 0 }, { 1, 1, 1 }, { 0, 1, 1 } }; void split(OctreeNode *node) { CRASH_COND(node->has_children()); CRASH_COND(node->size == 1); for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) { OctreeNode *child = memnew(OctreeNode); const int *v = g_octant_position[i]; child->size = node->size / 2; child->origin = node->origin + Vector3i(v[0], v[1], v[2]) * child->size; node->children[i] = child; } } // Trilinear interpolation between corner values of a cube. // Cube points respect the same position as in the ASCII schema. template inline T interpolate(const T v0, const T v1, const T v2, const T v3, const T v4, const T v5, const T v6, const T v7, Vector3 position) { const float one_min_x = 1.f - position.x; const float one_min_y = 1.f - position.y; const float one_min_z = 1.f - position.z; const float one_min_x_one_min_y = one_min_x * one_min_y; const float x_one_min_y = position.x * one_min_y; T res = one_min_z * (v0 * one_min_x_one_min_y + v1 * x_one_min_y + v4 * one_min_x * position.y); res += position.z * (v3 * one_min_x_one_min_y + v2 * x_one_min_y + v7 * one_min_x * position.y); res += position.x * position.y * (v5 * one_min_z + v6 * position.z); return res; } inline Vector3 interpolate(const Vector3 &v0, const Vector3 &v1, const HermiteValue &val0, const HermiteValue &val1, Vector3 &out_normal) { if (Math::abs(val0.value - ISO_LEVEL) <= FLT_EPSILON) { out_normal = val0.gradient; return v0; } if (Math::abs(val1.value - ISO_LEVEL) <= FLT_EPSILON) { out_normal = val1.gradient; return v1; } if (Math::abs(val1.value - val0.value) <= FLT_EPSILON) { out_normal = val0.gradient; return v0; } float mu = (ISO_LEVEL - val0.value) / (val1.value - val0.value); out_normal = val0.gradient + mu * (val1.gradient - val0.gradient); out_normal.normalize(); return v0 + mu * (v1 - v0); } inline HermiteValue get_hermite_value(const VoxelBuffer &voxels, int x, int y, int z) { HermiteValue v; v.value = voxels.get_voxel_iso(x, y, z, CHANNEL_VALUE); // TODO It looks like this gradient should not be a normalized vector! v.gradient.x = voxels.get_voxel_iso(x, y, z, CHANNEL_GRADIENT_X); v.gradient.y = voxels.get_voxel_iso(x, y, z, CHANNEL_GRADIENT_Y); v.gradient.z = voxels.get_voxel_iso(x, y, z, CHANNEL_GRADIENT_Z); return v; } inline HermiteValue get_interpolated_hermite_value(const VoxelBuffer &voxels, Vector3 pos) { int x0 = static_cast(pos.x); int y0 = static_cast(pos.y); int z0 = static_cast(pos.z); int x1 = static_cast(Math::ceil(pos.x)); int y1 = static_cast(Math::ceil(pos.y)); int z1 = static_cast(Math::ceil(pos.z)); HermiteValue v0 = get_hermite_value(voxels, x0, y0, z0); HermiteValue v1 = get_hermite_value(voxels, x1, y0, z0); HermiteValue v2 = get_hermite_value(voxels, x1, y0, z1); HermiteValue v3 = get_hermite_value(voxels, x0, y0, z1); HermiteValue v4 = get_hermite_value(voxels, x0, y1, z0); HermiteValue v5 = get_hermite_value(voxels, x1, y1, z0); HermiteValue v6 = get_hermite_value(voxels, x1, y1, z1); HermiteValue v7 = get_hermite_value(voxels, x0, y1, z1); Vector3 rpos = pos - Vector3(x0, y0, z0); HermiteValue v; v.value = interpolate(v0.value, v1.value, v2.value, v3.value, v4.value, v5.value, v6.value, v7.value, rpos); v.gradient = interpolate(v0.gradient, v1.gradient, v2.gradient, v3.gradient, v4.gradient, v5.gradient, v6.gradient, v7.gradient, rpos); return v; } bool can_split(OctreeNode *node, const VoxelBuffer &voxels, float geometric_error) { if (node->size == 1) { // Voxel resolution, can't split further return false; } Vector3i origin = node->origin; int step = node->size; int channel = CHANNEL_VALUE; // Fighting with Clang-format here /**/ float v0 = voxels.get_voxel_iso(origin.x, /* */ origin.y, /* */ origin.z, /* */ channel); // 0 float v1 = voxels.get_voxel_iso(origin.x + step, origin.y, /* */ origin.z, /* */ channel); // 1 float v2 = voxels.get_voxel_iso(origin.x + step, origin.y, /* */ origin.z + step, channel); // 2 float v3 = voxels.get_voxel_iso(origin.x, /* */ origin.y, /* */ origin.z + step, channel); // 3 float v4 = voxels.get_voxel_iso(origin.x, /* */ origin.y + step, origin.z, /* */ channel); // 4 float v5 = voxels.get_voxel_iso(origin.x + step, origin.y + step, origin.z, /* */ channel); // 5 float v6 = voxels.get_voxel_iso(origin.x + step, origin.y + step, origin.z + step, channel); // 6 float v7 = voxels.get_voxel_iso(origin.x, /* */ origin.y + step, origin.z + step, channel); // 7 int hstep = step / 2; Vector3i positions[19] = { // Starting from point 8 Vector3i(origin.x + hstep, /**/ origin.y, /* */ origin.z), // 8 Vector3i(origin.x + step, /* */ origin.y, /* */ origin.z + hstep), // 9 Vector3i(origin.x + hstep, /**/ origin.y, /* */ origin.z + step), // 10 Vector3i(origin.x, /* */ origin.y, /* */ origin.z + hstep), // 11 Vector3i(origin.x, /* */ origin.y + hstep, /**/ origin.z), // 12 Vector3i(origin.x + step, /* */ origin.y + hstep, /**/ origin.z), // 13 Vector3i(origin.x + step, /* */ origin.y + hstep, /**/ origin.z + step), // 14 Vector3i(origin.x, /* */ origin.y + hstep, /**/ origin.z + step), // 15 Vector3i(origin.x + hstep, /**/ origin.y + step, /* */ origin.z), // 16 Vector3i(origin.x + step, /* */ origin.y + step, /* */ origin.z + hstep), // 17 Vector3i(origin.x + hstep, /**/ origin.y + step, /* */ origin.z + step), // 18 Vector3i(origin.x, /* */ origin.y + step, /* */ origin.z + hstep), // 19 Vector3i(origin.x + hstep, /**/ origin.y, /* */ origin.z + hstep), // 20 Vector3i(origin.x + hstep, /**/ origin.y + hstep, /**/ origin.z), // 21 Vector3i(origin.x + step, /* */ origin.y + hstep, /**/ origin.z + hstep), // 22 Vector3i(origin.x + hstep, /**/ origin.y + hstep, /**/ origin.z + step), // 23 Vector3i(origin.x, /* */ origin.y + hstep, /**/ origin.z + hstep), // 24 Vector3i(origin.x + hstep, /**/ origin.y + step, /* */ origin.z + hstep), // 25 Vector3i(origin.x + hstep, /**/ origin.y + hstep, /**/ origin.z + hstep) // 26 }; Vector3 positions_ratio[19] = { Vector3(0.5, 0.0, 0.0), Vector3(1.0, 0.0, 0.5), Vector3(0.5, 0.0, 1.0), Vector3(0.0, 0.0, 0.5), Vector3(0.0, 0.5, 0.0), Vector3(1.0, 0.5, 0.0), Vector3(1.0, 0.5, 1.0), Vector3(0.0, 0.5, 1.0), Vector3(0.5, 1.0, 0.0), Vector3(1.0, 1.0, 0.5), Vector3(0.5, 1.0, 1.0), Vector3(0.0, 1.0, 0.5), Vector3(0.5, 0.0, 0.5), Vector3(0.5, 0.5, 0.0), Vector3(1.0, 0.5, 0.5), Vector3(0.5, 0.5, 1.0), Vector3(0.0, 0.5, 0.5), Vector3(0.5, 1.0, 0.5), Vector3(0.5, 0.5, 0.5) }; float error = 0.0; for (int i = 0; i < 19; ++i) { Vector3i pos = positions[i]; HermiteValue value = get_hermite_value(voxels, pos.x, pos.y, pos.z); float interpolated_value = interpolate(v0, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, positions_ratio[i]); float gradient_magnitude = value.gradient.length(); if (gradient_magnitude < FLT_EPSILON) { gradient_magnitude = 1.0; } error += Math::abs(value.value - interpolated_value) / gradient_magnitude; if (error >= geometric_error) { return true; } } return false; } inline Vector3 get_center(const OctreeNode *node) { return node->origin.to_vec3() + 0.5 * Vector3(node->size, node->size, node->size); } // TODO There is an issue with this: // the split policy assumes we have a real distance field, but this is not really the case. // For example, if the volume is empty and a player places a tiny sphere in the middle, // it might never be detected, unless the ENTIRE volume data gets affected by this tiny sphere and we use more than 8 bits per voxel. // If that's the case, we may have to generate the octree bottom-up instead. void generate_octree_top_down(OctreeNode *node, const VoxelBuffer &voxels, float geometric_error) { if (can_split(node, voxels, geometric_error)) { split(node); for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) { generate_octree_top_down(node->children[i], voxels, geometric_error); } } else { node->center_value = get_interpolated_hermite_value(voxels, get_center(node)); } } template void foreach_node(OctreeNode *root, Action_T &a, int depth = 0) { a(root, depth); for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) { if (root->children[i]) { foreach_node(root->children[i], a, depth + 1); } } } Ref generate_debug_octree_mesh(OctreeNode *root) { struct GetMaxDepth { int max_depth; void operator()(OctreeNode *_, int depth) { if (depth > max_depth) { max_depth = depth; } } }; struct Arrays { PoolVector3Array positions; PoolColorArray colors; PoolIntArray indices; }; struct AddCube { Arrays *arrays; int max_depth; void operator()(OctreeNode *node, int depth) { float shrink = depth * 0.005; Vector3 o = node->origin.to_vec3() + Vector3(shrink, shrink, shrink); float s = node->size - 2.0 * shrink; Color col(1.0, (float)depth / (float)max_depth, 0.0); int vi = arrays->positions.size(); for (int i = 0; i < Cube::CORNER_COUNT; ++i) { arrays->positions.push_back(o + s * Cube::g_corner_position[i]); arrays->colors.push_back(col); } for (int i = 0; i < Cube::EDGE_COUNT; ++i) { arrays->indices.push_back(vi + Cube::g_edge_corners[i][0]); arrays->indices.push_back(vi + Cube::g_edge_corners[i][1]); } } }; GetMaxDepth get_max_depth; foreach_node(root, get_max_depth); Arrays arrays; AddCube add_cube; add_cube.arrays = &arrays; add_cube.max_depth = get_max_depth.max_depth; foreach_node(root, add_cube); if (arrays.positions.size() == 0) { return Ref(); } Array surface; surface.resize(Mesh::ARRAY_MAX); surface[Mesh::ARRAY_VERTEX] = arrays.positions; surface[Mesh::ARRAY_COLOR] = arrays.colors; surface[Mesh::ARRAY_INDEX] = arrays.indices; Ref mesh; mesh.instance(); mesh->add_surface_from_arrays(Mesh::PRIMITIVE_LINES, surface); return mesh; } inline bool is_surface_near(OctreeNode *node) { if (node->center_value.value == 0) { return true; } const float sqrt3 = 1.7320508075688772; return Math::abs(node->center_value.value) < node->size * sqrt3 * NEAR_SURFACE_FACTOR; } struct DualCell { Vector3 corners[8]; HermiteValue values[8]; bool has_values; DualCell() : has_values(false) {} inline void set_corner(int i, Vector3 vertex, HermiteValue value) { CRASH_COND(i < 0 || i >= 8); corners[i] = vertex; values[i] = value; } }; struct DualGrid { std::vector cells; void add_cell(const Vector3 c0, const Vector3 c1, const Vector3 c2, const Vector3 c3, const Vector3 c4, const Vector3 c5, const Vector3 c6, const Vector3 c7) { DualCell cell; cell.corners[0] = c0; cell.corners[1] = c1; cell.corners[2] = c2; cell.corners[3] = c3; cell.corners[4] = c4; cell.corners[5] = c5; cell.corners[6] = c6; cell.corners[7] = c7; cells.push_back(cell); } }; Ref generate_debug_dual_grid_mesh(const DualGrid &grid) { PoolVector3Array positions; PoolIntArray indices; for (int i = 0; i < grid.cells.size(); ++i) { const DualCell &cell = grid.cells[i]; int vi = positions.size(); for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) { // Vector3 p = Vector3(g_octant_position[j][0], g_octant_position[j][1], g_octant_position[j][2]); // Vector3 n = (Vector3(0.5, 0.5, 0.5) - p).normalized(); positions.push_back(cell.corners[j]); // + n * 0.01); } for (int j = 0; j < Cube::EDGE_COUNT; ++j) { indices.push_back(vi + Cube::g_edge_corners[j][0]); indices.push_back(vi + Cube::g_edge_corners[j][1]); } } if (positions.size() == 0) { return Ref(); } Array surface; surface.resize(Mesh::ARRAY_MAX); surface[Mesh::ARRAY_VERTEX] = positions; surface[Mesh::ARRAY_INDEX] = indices; Ref mesh; mesh.instance(); mesh->add_surface_from_arrays(Mesh::PRIMITIVE_LINES, surface); return mesh; } inline bool is_border_left(const OctreeNode *node) { return node->origin.x == 0; } inline bool is_border_right(const OctreeNode *node) { return node->origin.x + node->size == CHUNK_SIZE; } inline bool is_border_bottom(const OctreeNode *node) { return node->origin.y == 0; } inline bool is_border_top(const OctreeNode *node) { return node->origin.y + node->size == CHUNK_SIZE; } inline bool is_border_back(const OctreeNode *node) { return node->origin.z == 0; } inline bool is_border_front(const OctreeNode *node) { return node->origin.z + node->size == CHUNK_SIZE; } inline Vector3 get_center_back(const OctreeNode *node) { Vector3 p = node->origin.to_vec3(); p.x += node->size * 0.5; p.y += node->size * 0.5; return p; } inline Vector3 get_center_front(const OctreeNode *node) { Vector3 p = node->origin.to_vec3(); p.x += node->size * 0.5; p.y += node->size * 0.5; p.z += node->size; return p; } inline Vector3 get_center_left(const OctreeNode *node) { Vector3 p = node->origin.to_vec3(); p.y += node->size * 0.5; p.z += node->size * 0.5; return p; } inline Vector3 get_center_right(const OctreeNode *node) { Vector3 p = node->origin.to_vec3(); p.x += node->size; p.y += node->size * 0.5; p.z += node->size * 0.5; return p; } inline Vector3 get_center_top(const OctreeNode *node) { Vector3 p = node->origin.to_vec3(); p.x += node->size * 0.5; p.y += node->size; p.z += node->size * 0.5; return p; } inline Vector3 get_center_bottom(const OctreeNode *node) { Vector3 p = node->origin.to_vec3(); p.x += node->size * 0.5; p.z += node->size * 0.5; return p; } inline Vector3 get_center_back_top(const OctreeNode *node) { Vector3 p = node->origin.to_vec3(); p.x += node->size * 0.5; p.y += node->size; return p; } inline Vector3 get_center_back_bottom(const OctreeNode *node) { Vector3 p = node->origin.to_vec3(); p.x += node->size * 0.5; return p; } inline Vector3 get_center_front_top(const OctreeNode *node) { Vector3 p = node->origin.to_vec3(); p.x += node->size * 0.5; p.y += node->size; p.z += node->size; return p; } inline Vector3 get_center_front_bottom(const OctreeNode *node) { Vector3 p = node->origin.to_vec3(); p.x += node->size * 0.5; p.z += node->size; return p; } inline Vector3 get_center_left_top(const OctreeNode *node) { Vector3 p = node->origin.to_vec3(); p.y += node->size; p.z += node->size * 0.5; return p; } inline Vector3 get_center_left_bottom(const OctreeNode *node) { Vector3 p = node->origin.to_vec3(); p.z += node->size * 0.5; return p; } inline Vector3 get_center_right_top(const OctreeNode *node) { Vector3 p = node->origin.to_vec3(); p.x += node->size; p.y += node->size; p.z += node->size * 0.5; return p; } inline Vector3 get_center_right_bottom(const OctreeNode *node) { Vector3 p = node->origin.to_vec3(); p.x += node->size; p.z += node->size * 0.5; return p; } inline Vector3 get_center_back_left(const OctreeNode *node) { Vector3 p = node->origin.to_vec3(); p.y += node->size * 0.5; return p; } inline Vector3 get_center_front_left(const OctreeNode *node) { Vector3 p = node->origin.to_vec3(); p.y += node->size * 0.5; p.z += node->size; return p; } inline Vector3 get_center_back_right(const OctreeNode *node) { Vector3 p = node->origin.to_vec3(); p.x += node->size; p.y += node->size * 0.5; return p; } inline Vector3 get_center_front_right(const OctreeNode *node) { Vector3 p = node->origin.to_vec3(); p.x += node->size; p.y += node->size * 0.5; p.z += node->size; return p; } inline Vector3 get_corner1(const OctreeNode *node) { Vector3 p = node->origin.to_vec3(); p.x += node->size; return p; } inline Vector3 get_corner2(const OctreeNode *node) { Vector3 p = node->origin.to_vec3(); p.x += node->size; p.z += node->size; return p; } inline Vector3 get_corner3(const OctreeNode *node) { Vector3 p = node->origin.to_vec3(); p.z += node->size; return p; } inline Vector3 get_corner4(const OctreeNode *node) { Vector3 p = node->origin.to_vec3(); p.y += node->size; return p; } inline Vector3 get_corner5(const OctreeNode *node) { Vector3 p = node->origin.to_vec3(); p.x += node->size; p.y += node->size; return p; } inline Vector3 get_corner6(const OctreeNode *node) { Vector3 p = node->origin.to_vec3(); p.x += node->size; p.y += node->size; p.z += node->size; return p; } inline Vector3 get_corner7(const OctreeNode *node) { Vector3 p = node->origin.to_vec3(); p.y += node->size; p.z += node->size; return p; } void create_border_cells(DualGrid &grid, const OctreeNode *n0, const OctreeNode *n1, const OctreeNode *n2, const OctreeNode *n3, const OctreeNode *n4, const OctreeNode *n5, const OctreeNode *n6, const OctreeNode *n7) { // Most boring function ever if (is_border_back(n0) && is_border_back(n1) && is_border_back(n4) && is_border_back(n5)) { grid.add_cell( get_center_back(n0), get_center_back(n1), get_center(n1), get_center(n0), get_center_back(n4), get_center_back(n5), get_center(n5), get_center(n4)); // Generate back edge border cells if (is_border_top(n4) && is_border_top(n5)) { grid.add_cell( get_center_back(n4), get_center_back(n5), get_center(n5), get_center(n4), get_center_back_top(n4), get_center_back_top(n5), get_center_top(n5), get_center_top(n4)); // Generate back top corner cells if (is_border_left(n4)) { grid.add_cell( get_center_back_left(n4), get_center_back(n4), get_center(n4), get_center_left(n4), get_corner4(n4), get_center_back_top(n4), get_center_top(n4), get_center_left_top(n4)); } if (is_border_right(n4)) { grid.add_cell( get_center_back(n5), get_center_back_right(n5), get_center_right(n5), get_center(n5), get_center_back_top(n5), get_corner5(n5), get_center_right_top(n5), get_center_top(n5)); } } if (is_border_bottom(n0) && is_border_bottom(n1)) { grid.add_cell( get_center_back_bottom(n0), get_center_back_bottom(n1), get_center_bottom(n1), get_center_bottom(n0), get_center_back(n0), get_center_back(n1), get_center(n1), get_center(n0)); // Generate back bottom corner cells if (is_border_left(n0)) { grid.add_cell(n0->origin.to_vec3(), get_center_back_bottom(n0), get_center_bottom(n0), get_center_left_bottom(n0), get_center_back_left(n0), get_center_back(n0), get_center(n0), get_center_left(n0)); } if (is_border_right(n1)) { grid.add_cell(get_center_back_bottom(n1), get_corner1(n1), get_center_right_bottom(n1), get_center_bottom(n1), get_center_back(n1), get_center_back_right(n1), get_center_right(n1), get_center(n1)); } } } if (is_border_front(n2) && is_border_front(n3) && is_border_front(n6) && is_border_front(n7)) { grid.add_cell( get_center(n3), get_center(n2), get_center_front(n2), get_center_front(n3), get_center(n7), get_center(n6), get_center_front(n6), get_center_front(n7)); // Generate front edge border cells if (is_border_top(n6) && is_border_top(n7)) { grid.add_cell( get_center(n7), get_center(n6), get_center_front(n6), get_center_front(n7), get_center_top(n7), get_center_top(n6), get_center_front_top(n6), get_center_front_top(n7)); // Generate back bottom corner cells if (is_border_left(n7)) { grid.add_cell( get_center_left(n7), get_center(n7), get_center_front(n7), get_center_front_left(n7), get_center_left_top(n7), get_center_top(n7), get_center_front_top(n7), get_corner7(n7)); } if (is_border_right(n6)) { grid.add_cell( get_center(n6), get_center_right(n6), get_center_front_right(n6), get_center_front(n6), get_center_top(n6), get_center_right_top(n6), get_corner6(n6), get_center_front_top(n6)); } } if (is_border_bottom(n3) && is_border_bottom(n2)) { grid.add_cell( get_center_bottom(n3), get_center_bottom(n2), get_center_front_bottom(n2), get_center_front_bottom(n3), get_center(n3), get_center(n2), get_center_front(n2), get_center_front(n3)); // Generate back bottom corner cells if (is_border_left(n3)) { grid.add_cell( get_center_left_bottom(n3), get_center_bottom(n3), get_center_front_bottom(n3), get_corner3(n3), get_center_left(n3), get_center(n3), get_center_front(n3), get_center_front_left(n3)); } if (is_border_right(n2)) { grid.add_cell(get_center_bottom(n2), get_center_right_bottom(n2), get_corner2(n2), get_center_front_bottom(n2), get_center(n2), get_center_right(n2), get_center_front_right(n2), get_center_front(n2)); } } } if (is_border_left(n0) && is_border_left(n3) && is_border_left(n4) && is_border_left(n7)) { grid.add_cell( get_center_left(n0), get_center(n0), get_center(n3), get_center_left(n3), get_center_left(n4), get_center(n4), get_center(n7), get_center_left(n7)); // Generate left edge border cells if (is_border_top(n4) && is_border_top(n7)) { grid.add_cell( get_center_left(n4), get_center(n4), get_center(n7), get_center_left(n7), get_center_left_top(n4), get_center_top(n4), get_center_top(n7), get_center_left_top(n7)); } if (is_border_bottom(n0) && is_border_bottom(n3)) { grid.add_cell( get_center_left_bottom(n0), get_center_bottom(n0), get_center_bottom(n3), get_center_left_bottom(n3), get_center_left(n0), get_center(n0), get_center(n3), get_center_left(n3)); } if (is_border_back(n0) && is_border_back(n4)) { grid.add_cell( get_center_back_left(n0), get_center_back(n0), get_center(n0), get_center_left(n0), get_center_back_left(n4), get_center_back(n4), get_center(n4), get_center_left(n4)); } if (is_border_front(n3) && is_border_front(n7)) { grid.add_cell( get_center_left(n3), get_center(n3), get_center_front(n3), get_center_front_left(n3), get_center_left(n7), get_center(n7), get_center_front(n7), get_center_front_left(n7)); } } if (is_border_right(n1) && is_border_right(n2) && is_border_right(n5) && is_border_right(n6)) { grid.add_cell( get_center(n1), get_center_right(n1), get_center_right(n2), get_center(n2), get_center(n5), get_center_right(n5), get_center_right(n6), get_center(n6)); // Generate right edge border cells if (is_border_top(n5) && is_border_top(n6)) { grid.add_cell( get_center(n5), get_center_right(n5), get_center_right(n6), get_center(n6), get_center_top(n5), get_center_right_top(n5), get_center_right_top(n6), get_center_top(n6)); } if (is_border_bottom(n1) && is_border_bottom(n2)) { grid.add_cell( get_center_bottom(n1), get_center_right_bottom(n1), get_center_right_bottom(n2), get_center_bottom(n2), get_center(n1), get_center_right(n1), get_center_right(n2), get_center(n2)); } if (is_border_back(n1) && is_border_back(n5)) { grid.add_cell( get_center_back(n1), get_center_back_right(n1), get_center_right(n1), get_center(n1), get_center_back(n5), get_center_back_right(n5), get_center_right(n5), get_center(n5)); } if (is_border_front(n2) && is_border_front(n6)) { grid.add_cell( get_center(n2), get_center_right(n2), get_center_front_right(n2), get_center_front(n2), get_center(n6), get_center_right(n6), get_center_front_right(n6), get_center_front(n6)); } } if (is_border_top(n4) && is_border_top(n5) && is_border_top(n6) && is_border_top(n7)) { grid.add_cell( get_center(n4), get_center(n5), get_center(n6), get_center(n7), get_center_top(n4), get_center_top(n5), get_center_top(n6), get_center_top(n7)); } if (is_border_bottom(n0) && is_border_bottom(n1) && is_border_bottom(n2) && is_border_bottom(n3)) { grid.add_cell( get_center_bottom(n0), get_center_bottom(n1), get_center_bottom(n2), get_center_bottom(n3), get_center(n0), get_center(n1), get_center(n2), get_center(n3)); } } void vert_proc(DualGrid &grid, OctreeNode *n0, OctreeNode *n1, OctreeNode *n2, OctreeNode *n3, OctreeNode *n4, OctreeNode *n5, OctreeNode *n6, OctreeNode *n7) { const bool n0_has_children = n0->has_children(); const bool n1_has_children = n1->has_children(); const bool n2_has_children = n2->has_children(); const bool n3_has_children = n3->has_children(); const bool n4_has_children = n4->has_children(); const bool n5_has_children = n5->has_children(); const bool n6_has_children = n6->has_children(); const bool n7_has_children = n7->has_children(); if (n0_has_children || n1_has_children || n2_has_children || n3_has_children || n4_has_children || n5_has_children || n6_has_children || n7_has_children) { OctreeNode *c0 = n0_has_children ? n0->children[6] : n0; OctreeNode *c1 = n1_has_children ? n1->children[7] : n1; OctreeNode *c2 = n2_has_children ? n2->children[4] : n2; OctreeNode *c3 = n3_has_children ? n3->children[5] : n3; OctreeNode *c4 = n4_has_children ? n4->children[2] : n4; OctreeNode *c5 = n5_has_children ? n5->children[3] : n5; OctreeNode *c6 = n6_has_children ? n6->children[0] : n6; OctreeNode *c7 = n7_has_children ? n7->children[1] : n7; vert_proc(grid, c0, c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6, c7); } else { if (!(is_surface_near(n0) || is_surface_near(n1) || is_surface_near(n2) || is_surface_near(n3) || is_surface_near(n4) || is_surface_near(n5) || is_surface_near(n6) || is_surface_near(n7))) { return; } DualCell cell; cell.set_corner(0, get_center(n0), n0->center_value); cell.set_corner(1, get_center(n1), n1->center_value); cell.set_corner(2, get_center(n2), n2->center_value); cell.set_corner(3, get_center(n3), n3->center_value); cell.set_corner(4, get_center(n4), n4->center_value); cell.set_corner(5, get_center(n5), n5->center_value); cell.set_corner(6, get_center(n6), n6->center_value); cell.set_corner(7, get_center(n7), n7->center_value); cell.has_values = true; grid.cells.push_back(cell); create_border_cells(grid, n0, n1, n2, n3, n4, n5, n6, n7); } } void edge_proc_x(DualGrid &grid, OctreeNode *n0, OctreeNode *n1, OctreeNode *n2, OctreeNode *n3) { const bool n0_has_children = n0->has_children(); const bool n1_has_children = n1->has_children(); const bool n2_has_children = n2->has_children(); const bool n3_has_children = n3->has_children(); if (!(n0_has_children || n1_has_children || n2_has_children || n3_has_children)) { return; } OctreeNode *c0 = n0_has_children ? n0->children[7] : n0; OctreeNode *c1 = n0_has_children ? n0->children[6] : n0; OctreeNode *c2 = n1_has_children ? n1->children[5] : n1; OctreeNode *c3 = n1_has_children ? n1->children[4] : n1; OctreeNode *c4 = n3_has_children ? n3->children[3] : n3; OctreeNode *c5 = n3_has_children ? n3->children[2] : n3; OctreeNode *c6 = n2_has_children ? n2->children[1] : n2; OctreeNode *c7 = n2_has_children ? n2->children[0] : n2; edge_proc_x(grid, c0, c3, c7, c4); edge_proc_x(grid, c1, c2, c6, c5); vert_proc(grid, c0, c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6, c7); } void edge_proc_y(DualGrid &grid, OctreeNode *n0, OctreeNode *n1, OctreeNode *n2, OctreeNode *n3) { const bool n0_has_children = n0->has_children(); const bool n1_has_children = n1->has_children(); const bool n2_has_children = n2->has_children(); const bool n3_has_children = n3->has_children(); if (!(n0_has_children || n1_has_children || n2_has_children || n3_has_children)) { return; } OctreeNode *c0 = n0_has_children ? n0->children[2] : n0; OctreeNode *c1 = n1_has_children ? n1->children[3] : n1; OctreeNode *c2 = n2_has_children ? n2->children[0] : n2; OctreeNode *c3 = n3_has_children ? n3->children[1] : n3; OctreeNode *c4 = n0_has_children ? n0->children[6] : n0; OctreeNode *c5 = n1_has_children ? n1->children[7] : n1; OctreeNode *c6 = n2_has_children ? n2->children[4] : n2; OctreeNode *c7 = n3_has_children ? n3->children[5] : n3; edge_proc_y(grid, c0, c1, c2, c3); edge_proc_y(grid, c4, c5, c6, c7); vert_proc(grid, c0, c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6, c7); } void edge_proc_z(DualGrid &grid, OctreeNode *n0, OctreeNode *n1, OctreeNode *n2, OctreeNode *n3) { const bool n0_has_children = n0->has_children(); const bool n1_has_children = n1->has_children(); const bool n2_has_children = n2->has_children(); const bool n3_has_children = n3->has_children(); if (!(n0_has_children || n1_has_children || n2_has_children || n3_has_children)) { return; } OctreeNode *c0 = n3_has_children ? n3->children[5] : n3; OctreeNode *c1 = n2_has_children ? n2->children[4] : n2; OctreeNode *c2 = n2_has_children ? n2->children[7] : n2; OctreeNode *c3 = n3_has_children ? n3->children[6] : n3; OctreeNode *c4 = n0_has_children ? n0->children[1] : n0; OctreeNode *c5 = n1_has_children ? n1->children[0] : n1; OctreeNode *c6 = n1_has_children ? n1->children[3] : n1; OctreeNode *c7 = n0_has_children ? n0->children[2] : n0; edge_proc_z(grid, c7, c6, c2, c3); edge_proc_z(grid, c4, c5, c1, c0); vert_proc(grid, c0, c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6, c7); } void face_proc_xy(DualGrid &grid, OctreeNode *n0, OctreeNode *n1) { const bool n0_has_children = n0->has_children(); const bool n1_has_children = n1->has_children(); if (!(n0_has_children || n1_has_children)) { return; } OctreeNode *c0 = n0_has_children ? n0->children[3] : n0; OctreeNode *c1 = n0_has_children ? n0->children[2] : n0; OctreeNode *c2 = n1_has_children ? n1->children[1] : n1; OctreeNode *c3 = n1_has_children ? n1->children[0] : n1; OctreeNode *c4 = n0_has_children ? n0->children[7] : n0; OctreeNode *c5 = n0_has_children ? n0->children[6] : n0; OctreeNode *c6 = n1_has_children ? n1->children[5] : n1; OctreeNode *c7 = n1_has_children ? n1->children[4] : n1; face_proc_xy(grid, c0, c3); face_proc_xy(grid, c1, c2); face_proc_xy(grid, c4, c7); face_proc_xy(grid, c5, c6); edge_proc_x(grid, c0, c3, c7, c4); edge_proc_x(grid, c1, c2, c6, c5); edge_proc_y(grid, c0, c1, c2, c3); edge_proc_y(grid, c4, c5, c6, c7); vert_proc(grid, c0, c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6, c7); } void face_proc_zy(DualGrid &grid, OctreeNode *n0, OctreeNode *n1) { const bool n0_has_children = n0->has_children(); const bool n1_has_children = n1->has_children(); if (!(n0_has_children || n1_has_children)) { return; } OctreeNode *c0 = n0_has_children ? n0->children[1] : n0; OctreeNode *c1 = n1_has_children ? n1->children[0] : n1; OctreeNode *c2 = n1_has_children ? n1->children[3] : n1; OctreeNode *c3 = n0_has_children ? n0->children[2] : n0; OctreeNode *c4 = n0_has_children ? n0->children[5] : n0; OctreeNode *c5 = n1_has_children ? n1->children[4] : n1; OctreeNode *c6 = n1_has_children ? n1->children[7] : n1; OctreeNode *c7 = n0_has_children ? n0->children[6] : n0; face_proc_zy(grid, c0, c1); face_proc_zy(grid, c3, c2); face_proc_zy(grid, c4, c5); face_proc_zy(grid, c7, c6); edge_proc_y(grid, c0, c1, c2, c3); edge_proc_y(grid, c4, c5, c6, c7); edge_proc_z(grid, c7, c6, c2, c3); edge_proc_z(grid, c4, c5, c1, c0); vert_proc(grid, c0, c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6, c7); } void face_proc_xz(DualGrid &grid, OctreeNode *n0, OctreeNode *n1) { const bool n0_has_children = n0->has_children(); const bool n1_has_children = n1->has_children(); if (!(n0_has_children || n1_has_children)) { return; } OctreeNode *c0 = n1_has_children ? n1->children[4] : n1; OctreeNode *c1 = n1_has_children ? n1->children[5] : n1; OctreeNode *c2 = n1_has_children ? n1->children[6] : n1; OctreeNode *c3 = n1_has_children ? n1->children[7] : n1; OctreeNode *c4 = n0_has_children ? n0->children[0] : n0; OctreeNode *c5 = n0_has_children ? n0->children[1] : n0; OctreeNode *c6 = n0_has_children ? n0->children[2] : n0; OctreeNode *c7 = n0_has_children ? n0->children[3] : n0; face_proc_xz(grid, c4, c0); face_proc_xz(grid, c5, c1); face_proc_xz(grid, c7, c3); face_proc_xz(grid, c6, c2); edge_proc_x(grid, c0, c3, c7, c4); edge_proc_x(grid, c1, c2, c6, c5); edge_proc_z(grid, c7, c6, c2, c3); edge_proc_z(grid, c4, c5, c1, c0); vert_proc(grid, c0, c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6, c7); } void node_proc(DualGrid &grid, OctreeNode *node) { if (!node->has_children()) { return; } OctreeNode **children = node->children; for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) { node_proc(grid, children[i]); } face_proc_xy(grid, children[0], children[3]); face_proc_xy(grid, children[1], children[2]); face_proc_xy(grid, children[4], children[7]); face_proc_xy(grid, children[5], children[6]); face_proc_zy(grid, children[0], children[1]); face_proc_zy(grid, children[3], children[2]); face_proc_zy(grid, children[4], children[5]); face_proc_zy(grid, children[7], children[6]); face_proc_xz(grid, children[4], children[0]); face_proc_xz(grid, children[5], children[1]); face_proc_xz(grid, children[7], children[3]); face_proc_xz(grid, children[6], children[2]); edge_proc_x(grid, children[0], children[3], children[7], children[4]); edge_proc_x(grid, children[1], children[2], children[6], children[5]); edge_proc_y(grid, children[0], children[1], children[2], children[3]); edge_proc_y(grid, children[4], children[5], children[6], children[7]); edge_proc_z(grid, children[7], children[6], children[2], children[3]); edge_proc_z(grid, children[4], children[5], children[1], children[0]); vert_proc(grid, children[0], children[1], children[2], children[3], children[4], children[5], children[6], children[7]); } Ref polygonize_dual_grid(const DualGrid &grid, const VoxelBuffer &voxels, bool wireframe, MeshBuilder &mesh_builder) { for (int dci = 0; dci < grid.cells.size(); ++dci) { const DualCell &cell = grid.cells[dci]; const Vector3 *corners = cell.corners; // Polygonize using regular marching cubes unsigned char case_index = 0; HermiteValue values[8]; for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) { if (cell.has_values) { values[i] = cell.values[i]; } else { values[i] = get_interpolated_hermite_value(voxels, corners[i]); } if (values[i].value >= ISO_LEVEL) { case_index |= 1 << i; } } int edge = MarchingCubes::mc_edges[case_index]; if (!edge) { // Nothing intersects continue; } // Find the intersection vertices Vector3 intersection_points[12]; Vector3 intersection_normals[12]; if (edge & 1) { intersection_points[0] = interpolate(corners[0], corners[1], values[0], values[1], intersection_normals[0]); } if (edge & 2) { intersection_points[1] = interpolate(corners[1], corners[2], values[1], values[2], intersection_normals[1]); } if (edge & 4) { intersection_points[2] = interpolate(corners[2], corners[3], values[2], values[3], intersection_normals[2]); } if (edge & 8) { intersection_points[3] = interpolate(corners[3], corners[0], values[3], values[0], intersection_normals[3]); } if (edge & 16) { intersection_points[4] = interpolate(corners[4], corners[5], values[4], values[5], intersection_normals[4]); } if (edge & 32) { intersection_points[5] = interpolate(corners[5], corners[6], values[5], values[6], intersection_normals[5]); } if (edge & 64) { intersection_points[6] = interpolate(corners[6], corners[7], values[6], values[7], intersection_normals[6]); } if (edge & 128) { intersection_points[7] = interpolate(corners[7], corners[4], values[7], values[4], intersection_normals[7]); } if (edge & 256) { intersection_points[8] = interpolate(corners[0], corners[4], values[0], values[4], intersection_normals[8]); } if (edge & 512) { intersection_points[9] = interpolate(corners[1], corners[5], values[1], values[5], intersection_normals[9]); } if (edge & 1024) { intersection_points[10] = interpolate(corners[2], corners[6], values[2], values[6], intersection_normals[10]); } if (edge & 2048) { intersection_points[11] = interpolate(corners[3], corners[7], values[3], values[7], intersection_normals[11]); } // Create the triangles according to the table. for (int i = 0; MarchingCubes::mc_triangles[case_index][i] != -1; i += 3) { mesh_builder.add_vertex( intersection_points[MarchingCubes::mc_triangles[case_index][i]], intersection_normals[MarchingCubes::mc_triangles[case_index][i]]); mesh_builder.add_vertex( intersection_points[MarchingCubes::mc_triangles[case_index][i + 1]], intersection_normals[MarchingCubes::mc_triangles[case_index][i + 1]]); mesh_builder.add_vertex( intersection_points[MarchingCubes::mc_triangles[case_index][i + 2]], intersection_normals[MarchingCubes::mc_triangles[case_index][i + 2]]); } } return mesh_builder.commit(wireframe); } Ref polygonize(const VoxelBuffer &voxels, float geometric_error, VoxelMesherDMC::Mode mode, MeshBuilder &mesh_builder) { int padding = 1; int chunk_size = CHUNK_SIZE; // TODO Don't hardcode size. It must be next lower power of two CRASH_COND(voxels.get_size().x < chunk_size + padding * 2); CRASH_COND(voxels.get_size().y < chunk_size + padding * 2); CRASH_COND(voxels.get_size().z < chunk_size + padding * 2); OctreeNode root; root.origin = Vector3i(); root.size = chunk_size; generate_octree_top_down(&root, voxels, geometric_error); if (mode == VoxelMesherDMC::MODE_DEBUG_OCTREE) { return generate_debug_octree_mesh(&root); } DualGrid grid; node_proc(grid, &root); // TODO Handle non-subdivided octree if (mode == VoxelMesherDMC::MODE_DEBUG_DUAL_GRID) { return generate_debug_dual_grid_mesh(grid); } Ref mesh = polygonize_dual_grid(grid, voxels, mode == VoxelMesherDMC::MODE_WIREFRAME, mesh_builder); // TODO Marching squares skirts return mesh; } } // namespace dmc Ref VoxelMesherDMC::build_mesh(Ref voxels, real_t geometric_error, Mode mode) { ERR_FAIL_COND_V(voxels.is_null(), Ref()); return dmc::polygonize(**voxels, geometric_error, mode, _mesh_builder); } void VoxelMesherDMC::_bind_methods() { ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("build_mesh", "voxel_buffer", "geometric_error", "mode"), &VoxelMesherDMC::build_mesh, DEFVAL(MODE_NORMAL)); BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(MODE_NORMAL); BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(MODE_WIREFRAME); BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(MODE_DEBUG_OCTREE); BIND_ENUM_CONSTANT(MODE_DEBUG_DUAL_GRID); }